What is umbrella cell?

Umbrella cells are specialized cells that are found in the urothelium or lining of the urinary tract. They are called umbrella cells due to their mushroom or umbrella-like shape and are closely packed together to form a barrier that lines the bladder.

Umbrella cells have several unique features that enable them to perform their functions effectively. They are large cells that have a flattened shape, with a broad base and a narrow tip. The cell membrane of umbrella cells is elastic and can stretch to accommodate the expansion of the bladder during urination.

One of the main functions of umbrella cells is to prevent urine from leaking out of the bladder. They do this by forming tight junctions with adjacent cells, creating a barrier that is impermeable to water and dissolved substances.

Umbrella cells also secrete a glycoprotein called uroplakin that forms a protective layer on the surface of the urothelium. This layer helps to prevent the adhesion of bacteria and other harmful substances to the urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection.

In summary, umbrella cells are specialized cells that play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and function of the urinary tract. Their unique shape, tight junctions, and uroplakin secretion enable them to prevent urine leakage and protect against infections.